Description: This is the digest from the informal discussion reviewing the 1951 Impairment study. It is the latest in a series of studies covering mortality of impaired risks. It covers the experience under Ordinary insurance issued from 1935 to 1949 traced to the anniversaries in 1950. Standard and substandard policies were studied separately.

Description: This general discussion looks at problems or solutions developed in the field of agents' compensation, considerations leading companies to recent reductions in individual annuity rates, trend to offer first year cash values, increasing demand for the issuance of insurance at ages up to 70 and beyond, and if the SOA should give consideration to elective subjects in the Fellowship exam.

Description: This is a discussion from the Dallas Regional Meeting 1961 covering: 1. The extent to which reductions in whole life and term insurance premium rates are due to better mortality, lower expense, higher interest earnings and reduction in company profit margins 2. Graded premium scales issues 3. FIT assumptions.

Description: Discusses: 1. Considerations regarding changing to the 1958 CSO basis - gross premium determination methods, appropriate assumptions, and means of calculation of relative costs 2. Advantages of adopting the new basis before the deadline 3. Frequency of requests for special ages or plans not in the rate book and how can they be best handled logistically.

Description: Discusses the extent to which various influences are reflected in premiums, dividends and settlement options: improved mortality, interest rate trends, federal taxes, agent compensation and increasing expenses.

Description: This discussion looks at the trends in the use of salary and other financing plans for new agents, steps taken to effect change to a commission basis after an introduction period on salary, and what steps are taken in starting new agents under present cost of living conditions.

Description: This discussion focused on looking at the immediate uses of the 1951 Impairment Study for the smaller company, the use of new technology such as punch card machines in an effort to reduce cost, methods of budget procedure, use of interim financial reporting and attendant issues such as interim period reserve computations, and problems with underwriting, commission accounting, or conflict with interests of own agents when small companies accept business from agents or brokers of other companies.

Description: This is a discussion on the paper of the same name.

Description: This discussion on premium differentials examines if a graduation of premium rates by policy size is feasible or desirable as well as if it is practical to give lower premium rates to females.

Description: This SOA research report produced by Kamakura Corporation helps illuminate credit risk modeling techniques within the life insurance industry. It includes a review of available research on the subject from academic and industry sources, the development and distribution of a survey on actual techniques used within the industry, and all associated analysis. The finance and economics literature review provides a historical review of academic research on credit modeling with Altman Z-scores, Merton’s structural model and more recent “reduced form models” The industry literature includes discussions of the various credit modeling techniques, factor-based approaches, credit migration models, structural models, reduced form models, hybrid models, actuarial models and credit scoring models. As credit risk modeling is an extremely broad topic, the scope of the survey is narrowed to particular asset classes and functions. There were 22 responses in total to the survey from locations in Canada, Europe and the United states.